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Sugar Is the New Public Health Enemy

糖類成為新健康公敵

On Thursday, the U.S. government issued a new version of its dietary guidelines, which include the new, concrete recommendation that people receive less than 10 percent of their daily calorie intake from added sugar.

本周四，美國(guó)政府發(fā)布了新版膳食指南，其中新增了對(duì)人們?nèi)粘Ｌ砑犹菙z入量不超過(guò)每日卡路里10%的建議。

This is far more specific than the 2010 edition of the guidelines, which simply said to “reduce the intake of calories … from added sugars,” with no particular numbers attached. Based on Americans’ increasing sugar intake over the past few decades, a more concrete goal might be helpful—between 1977 and 2010, Americans’ consumption of added sugars went up by 30 percent, according to the Obesity Society.

這項(xiàng)建議比2010年的版本更加明確，2010版只是簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)：“減少?gòu)奶砑犹侵袛z入卡路里”，并沒有任何明確的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)�；�于美國(guó)人在過(guò)去幾十年攝入了更多的糖，一個(gè)更清晰的目標(biāo)會(huì)更有幫助。據(jù)肥胖協(xié)會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)，從1977年到2010年，美國(guó)人添加糖的攝入量增長(zhǎng)了30%。

These days, though, many people seem to be at least trying to cut back—as my colleague Olga Khazan noted the other day, Google searches for “low-sugar” diets are starting to overtake “low-fat” diets. And so it seems that sugar is moving into the slot of Bad Thing of the Moment, once held by fat, once by carbs more broadly, and held by who knows what in the future—nutrition science is always evolving.

盡管如今人們好像已經(jīng)開始做出一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)努力，(正如我同事幾天前發(fā)現(xiàn)的Olga Khazan)，Google上關(guān)于“低糖”飲食的搜索已經(jīng)超過(guò)了“低脂”飲食。那么糖類好像已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了脂肪之前所在的壞東西之列，之前碳水化合物更臭名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)。而未來(lái)誰(shuí)會(huì)取代這個(gè)位置仍是個(gè)未知數(shù)，畢竟?fàn)I養(yǎng)學(xué)一直都在發(fā)展。

But for the time being, the U.S. isn’t the only country trying to get people off the sweet stuff. David Cameron, the prime minster of the U.K., said on Thursday that he wouldn’t rule out the possibility of a sugar tax as a measure against the obesity crisis, the BBC reports. A paper by Public Health England, published in October 2015, recommended a tax of between 10 and 20 percent on “high-sugar products … such as on full-sugar soft drinks.” Though Cameron said he would “rather avoid” a tax, he also said, “What matters is we do make progress” on obesity.

但是美國(guó)并非眼下唯一努力讓人們離開甜食的國(guó)家。據(jù)BBC報(bào)道，周四，英國(guó)首相卡梅隆說(shuō)他不會(huì)排除將征收食糖稅作為對(duì)抗肥胖危機(jī)的方法。英國(guó)公共衛(wèi)生署于2015年十月出版的一篇文章建議對(duì)“全糖軟飲料之類的高糖產(chǎn)品”征收10%到20%的稅。盡管卡梅隆說(shuō)他會(huì)“盡力避免”收稅，他也說(shuō)到“重要的是我們的確在努力”解決肥胖問題。

The evidence suggests a tax would likely lead to progress—according to a recent study published in The BMJ, when Mexico implemented a tax on sugary beverages on January 1, 2014, purchases of the taxed beverages went down by 12 percent by December of that year.

證據(jù)表明征稅會(huì)促使飲食習(xí)慣的進(jìn)步。近期在BMJ上出版的一份研究表明，在墨西哥從2014年元旦對(duì)含糖飲料征稅之后，2014年的含糖飲料消費(fèi)量下降了12%。

Legislating sugar is a strategy that’s popped up in the U.S. as well—Berkeley, California, was the first U.S. city to implement a soda tax in March 2015. But no word yet on whether Berkeley residents are any closer than the rest of the country to meeting the new dietary guidelines.

立法征稅也是在美國(guó)突然出現(xiàn)的一種策略。加州的伯克利在2015年3月開始對(duì)蘇打飲料征稅，在美國(guó)境內(nèi)算首例。但是沒有消息表明伯克利市民是否比其他城市的居民擁有更符合新版膳食指南的飲食習(xí)慣。