2017考研英語閱讀精選：62位超級富豪擁有全球一半的財產

考研英語來源：新東方網整理 2016-01-21　

The 62 richest people have as much wealth as half the world

62位超級富豪擁有全球一半的財富

The world’s 62 richest billionaires have as much wealth as the bottom half of the world’s population, according to a new report from Oxfam International.

據「國際樂施會」的調查，全球62名超級大富豪擁有的財富加總，占全球財富的一半。

The wealthiest have seen their net worth soar over the five years ending in 2015. Back in 2010, it took 388 mega-rich people to own as much as half the world.

在截至2015年的過去5年間，富豪的財富凈值飆漲。2010年時，全球388名富豪的身家才能抵得全球一半的財富。

And the Top 1% own more than everyone else combined -- a milestone reached in 2015, a year earlier than Oxfam had predicted.

另外，全球最富有的、1%的人的財產總和，已經超過了剩下99%人口的財富加總。該里程碑事件比樂施會之前所預期的提前一年到來。

Oxfam released its annual report ahead of the World Economic Forum in the Swiss city of Davos, a yearly gathering of political and financial leaders. The study draws from the Forbes annual list of billionaires and Credit Suisse’s Global Wealth Databook.

樂施會在世界達沃斯論壇召開前夕發布了此份年報。達沃斯論壇是在瑞士的達沃斯舉行的年度盛會(本年度為1/20-1/23)，全球的政治和經濟領袖都會出席。樂施會的研究數據主要來源于福布斯年度富豪榜和瑞士信貸全球財富報告。

The anti-poverty group, whose leader co-chaired the forum last year, wants to call even more attention to the widening wealth divide. The top 62 saw their net worth rise by more half a trillion dollars between 2010 and 2015, while the 3.6 billion people in the bottom half of the heap lost a trillion dollars.

該扶貧機構的負責人曾擔任2015年達沃斯經濟論壇年會的聯合主席，她呼吁對不斷加大的財富鴻溝給予更多關注。2010-2015年間，全球最富62人擁有的財富增加了逾5000億美元，而全球底部人口的一半——36億人口則損失了一萬億美元。

Each group has $1.76 trillion.

目前兩組人的財富相當，都為1.76萬億美元。

"Wealth is moving rapidly to concentrate at the tippy, tippy top of the pyramid," said Gawain Kripke, the director of policy and research at Oxfam America.

美國樂施會政策和研究主任Gawain Kripke表示，“財富正快速地向金字塔的塔尖聚集。”

The income gap between the richest and poorest is also growing. The poorest 20% of the world -- who live below the extreme poverty line, living on less than $1.90 a day -- barely saw their incomes budge between 1988 and 2011, while the most prosperous 10% enjoyed a 46% jump.

最窮和最富人口的收入差距也在不斷拉大。全球最貧困的20%的人口生活在極端貧困線下，每天生活費不足1.90美元。在1988年至2011年間，這部分人口的收入幾乎停滯不前，而最富的10%富人的收入卻增加了46%。

"The global economy is not working to pull these people out of extremepoverty," said Deborah Hardoon, Oxfam’s deputy head of research.

樂施會研究部門副主管Deborah Hardoont稱,“全球經濟并沒有使這些人擺脫極端貧困。”

A separate report published last year by the Pew Research Center found that poverty worldwide has fallen by nearly half over the past decade. Still, 71% of the world’s population remain low-income or poor, living off 10 dollars or less a day.

去年，皮尤研究中心發布的一個報告稱，過去10年間全球貧困人口減少了近一半。但仍有71%的人口維持在低收入或貧困水平，即每天花費10美元或更少。

As for a global middle class, Pew called it more promise than reality. While the middle class has nearly doubled over the decade to 13% in 2011, it still represents a small fraction of the world’s population.

而對全球的中產階級來說，皮尤研究中心稱它比現實更有希望。截至2011年的過去十年間，中產階級幾乎增加了一倍至13%，但它仍只代表了世界人口的一小部分。

To help counter inequality, Oxfam is renewing its call for global leaders to crack down on tax havens, where the rich have socked away $7.6 trillion, the group estimates.

為了對抗不平等，樂施會再次呼吁全球領導人打擊避稅天堂。據該組織預估，富人將高達7.6萬億美元的財富隱藏在避稅天堂。

Other things Oxfam is advocating: pay workers a living wage and protect workers’ right to unionize; end the gender pay gap and promote equal inheritance and land rights for women; minimize the power of big business and lobbyists on governments; shift the tax burden away from labor and consumption and towards wealth and capital gains, and use public spending to tackle inequality.

另外，該組織還呼吁：支付工人最低生活保障金，保護工人成立工會的權利;消除工資上的性別差距，促進女性享有平等的繼承權和土地權利;將大企業財閥及其說客對政府的影響降到最小;將稅負由勞動和消費轉移至財富和資本收益，并使用公共支出來解決不平等。