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政治(zhènɡzhì)

主要有兩種用法：其一，指治理國(guó)家所施行的一切措施。“政”指統(tǒng)治者規(guī)定的法令、制度、秩序;“治”指對(duì)百姓的管理、治理，是“政”的具體實(shí)施。其二，指國(guó)家治理達(dá)到穩(wěn)定良好的狀態(tài)，即政治清明、經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮、天下太平。近代以降，“政治”轉(zhuǎn)指政府、政黨、社會(huì)團(tuán)體或個(gè)人在國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)際事務(wù)中采取的政策、措施和行為等。

Decree and Governance / Politics

The term has two meanings. First, it refers to all measures for governing a country. Zheng (政) stands for decrees, rules, and ordinances, and zhi (治) refers to their implementation, that is, the way in which the people are governed. Second, it refers to a state of stable and sound governance of the country, with an efficient and clean government, a prosperous economy, and a peaceful society. In modern times, the term is used in the sense of “politics,” as it refers to policies, measures, and actions that governments, political parties, social groups, or individuals adopt in domestic or international affairs.

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【引例】

Examples

道洽政治，澤潤(rùn)生民。(《尚書(shū)•畢命》)

Shaping people’s mind through popularizing education and exercising good governance will benefit the people. (The Book of History)

政以治民，刑以正邪。(《左傳•隱公十一年》)

Decrees are adopted to maintain public order, while punishments are meted out to eliminate evil. (Zuo’s Commentary on The Spring and Autumn Annals)