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道(dào)

本義指人所行之路，引申而有三重含義：其一，指不同領(lǐng)域的事物所遵循的法則，如日月星辰運(yùn)行的規(guī)律稱為天道，人事活動(dòng)所遵循的規(guī)律稱為人道;其二，指萬(wàn)事萬(wàn)物所遵循的普遍法則;其三，指事物的本原或本體，超越于有形的具體事物，是萬(wàn)物生成的基始，又是萬(wàn)物存在和人類行為的根據(jù)。儒家、道家、佛教等都談?wù)摰�，其�?nèi)涵差異甚大。儒家之道以仁義禮樂為基本內(nèi)容，佛教和道家之道偏重“空”“無(wú)”方面的意義。

Dao (Way)

In its original meaning, dao (道) is the way or path taken by people. It has three extended meanings: 1) the general laws followed by things in different spheres, e.g. the natural order by which the sun, moon and stars move is called the way of heaven; the rules that govern human activities are the way of man; 2) the universal patterns followed by all things and beings; and 3) the original source or ontological existence of things, which transcends form and constitutes the basis for the birth and existence of all things, and for the activities of human beings. In their respective discussions of Dao, Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism imbue it with very different connotations. While benevolence, righteousness, social norms, and music education form the basic content of the Confucian Dao, the Buddhist and Daoist Dao tends to emphasize kong (空 emptiness) and wu (無(wú) void).

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【引例】

天道遠(yuǎn)，人道邇。(《左傳·昭公十八年》)

The way of heaven is far away; the way of man is near. (Zuo’s Commentary on The Spring and Autumn Annals)

形而上者謂之道。(《周易·系辭上》)

What transcends form is called Dao. (The Book of Changes)