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人文(rénwén)

指禮樂(lè)教化、典章制度，即詩(shī)書(shū)、禮樂(lè)、法度等精神文明的創(chuàng)造以及與之相關(guān)的既有差等又有調(diào)和的社會(huì)秩序。與“天文”(日月星辰等天體的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和規(guī)律)相對(duì)。也泛指人事，即人類社會(huì)的行為、習(xí)俗或狀態(tài)。近代以后，受西學(xué)影響，“人文”演變指人類社會(huì)的各種文化現(xiàn)象，研究人類社會(huì)文化現(xiàn)象的學(xué)科稱為人文科學(xué)。

Renwen

Renwen (人文) encompasses the cultural and ethical progress created by rites, music, education, codes, and systems as well as a social order which is hierarchical but harmonious. Renwen is in contrast to tianwen (天文), the study of celestial bodies including the sun, moon, and stars. Renwenalso refers to human affairs in general, that is, behaviors, customs, and the human state. Under the influence of Western culture in the modern period, renwen came to mean cultural phenomena in human society as well as the humanities, which are academic disciplines that study human culture.

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【引例】

觀乎天文，以察時(shí)變;觀乎人文，以化成天下。(《周易•彖上》)

By observing heavenly patterns, we can learn about the change of times; by observing human cultural patterns, we can educate the people and build a thriving, prosperous, and refined society. (The Book of Changes)

夫玄象著明，以察時(shí)變，天文也;圣達(dá)立言，化成天下，人文也。達(dá)幽顯之情，明天人之際，其在文乎?(《北齊書(shū)•文苑傳序》)

When the movement of celestial bodies is manifest, we can infer from it changes of the times, which is about the distribution and movement of celestial bodies as well as climate change. When sages disseminate their vision in writing to educate the people and build a thriving, prosperous, and refined society, that is about human culture. To learn about the actual changes of the visible and the invisible and the subtle relations between heaven and humans, it is essential to study both natural phenomena and human culture. (The History of the Northern Qi Dynasty)