2.作原因狀語時，過去分詞與-ing形式被動一般式可以互換。但還是單獨使用過去分詞的為多。如：

Written (Being written) very well, the novel sells well. 這部小說寫得很好，很暢銷。

3.作方式或伴隨狀語時常用過去分詞，習(xí)慣上不用-ing形式被動一般式即不用being done形式。如：

Many parents were walking about the zoo, followed by their children. 很多父母正在公園里走著，后面緊跟著自己的孩子。

4.作時間狀語用時，過去分詞如同時表示被動和動作完成，常可換用-ing分詞的被動完成式;過去分詞如果只表被動，不表完成，則不可。如：

Read many times (=Having been read many times), the story seems much easier.

讀過多遍，這個故事似乎變得更容易了。(表示被動和完成)

Seen from on the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.

從山頂上看，這個顯得更加美麗。(表被動)

5.與否定詞not連用時多用-ing形式。如：

Not being included, I have to find another chance. 我沒被錄用，只好再等。

6.使用分詞或分詞短語作句子的狀語時，有一條原則必須遵守，即分詞或分詞短語的邏輯主語應(yīng)當(dāng)與句子的主語一致，否則句子就是不正確的或是不正規(guī)的語言。如：

【誤】Found him angry, I began to tell jokes.因為found與I 在這個句子中不能構(gòu)成被動，應(yīng)為Finding him angry, I began to tell jokes.

【誤】Looking around, there was no one nearby. Look around 的邏輯主語不應(yīng)是no one，故本句不成立，就改為Looking around, I found there was no one nearby.

7.有些約定俗成的分詞或分詞短語作狀語，盡管它們與句子的主語不一致(即不存在主謂關(guān)系)，也被認為是正確的。這種分詞短語作狀語解釋整個句子。如：

Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys. 一般說來，女孩子比男孩更喜歡文學(xué)。

Considering the weather, the sports meet will be put off. 考慮到天氣，運動會將會被推遲。

Judging from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries. 從她的口音看，她準來自阿拉伯國家。