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養民(yǎnɡmín)

養育人民，包括滿足人民的生活需要和對人民進行教育。《尚書•大禹謨》將其作為“善政”(良好政治)的目的;為了實現這一目的，治國者必須治理、協調好“六府三事”。“六府”是指金、木、水、火、土、谷，即人民生活所需的各種物質資料;“三事”是指“正德”(端正人民品德)、“利用”(使物質資料為百姓所用)、“厚生”(使人民生活充裕)。這是一種以民為本、物質文明和精神文明兼顧并舉的治國理念。

Nurturing the People

This term means to provide the people with necessities of life and educate them. According to The Book of History, this is what constitutes good governance. To reach this goal, the ruler must manage well the “six necessities and three matters,” the six necessities being metal, wood, water, fire, land, and grain, and the three matters being fostering virtue, proper use of resources, and ensuring people’s livelihood. This concept of governance, which focuses on promoting both economic and ethical progress, is people-centered.

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【引例】

德惟善政，政在養民。水、火、金、木、土、谷，惟修;正德、利用、厚生，惟和。九功惟敘;九敘惟歌。(《尚書•大禹謨》)

夫貧生于富，弱生于強，亂生于治，危生于安。是故明王之養民也，憂之勞之，教之誨之，慎微防萌，以斷其邪。(王符《潛夫論•浮侈》)

The king’s virtue is reflected in good governance, which means to nurture the people. The people’s need for water, fire, metal, wood, land, and grain must be well satisfied; and fostering virtue, proper use of resources, and ensuring people’s well-being should be pursued in a coordinated way. When these nine things are accomplished in an orderly way, the king will win people’s respect. (The Book of History)

Poverty stems from wealth, weakness from strength, turmoil from stability, and danger from security. Therefore, as he nurtures the people, a wise ruler cares about their sufferings, thanks them for their work, and teaches and instructs them so as to eradicate the seeds of evil no matter how tiny they might be. (Wang Fu: Views of a Hermit)