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1.逗號(hào)comma

用于分割并列成分。考研重點(diǎn)：兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間，或者一個(gè)逗號(hào)之后，如果是補(bǔ)充說明成分時(shí)，跳過不看。Eg. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.

2.句號(hào)period/fullstop

①用于陳述句，表示一個(gè)句子的結(jié)束，起分割切分句子作用。

②用于某些縮略詞之后。比如Mr.、Ms.、etc.等等。如果句號(hào)作為簡(jiǎn)寫符號(hào)使用，那么這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)寫前后面的符號(hào)應(yīng)該照常寫上，因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)寫號(hào)并非句號(hào)，也不遵循句號(hào)的語(yǔ)法。比如Entreprise Co.，Ltd或者I invited Tom，Jerry，etc..(注意兩個(gè)點(diǎn))。

③用作小數(shù)點(diǎn)

3.問號(hào)

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章中的問號(hào)一般都是設(shè)問的功能，只問不答，答案不言自明。Eg1.考研難道沒有價(jià)值嗎？另外，如果開篇就是問句，那么則屬于問題答案型文章，對(duì)問題的回答就是全文主旨。

4.冒號(hào)(colon)：冒號(hào)前后是從抽象到具體的過程，后面進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明前面的內(nèi)容。

Eg.1997 passage3 Q2

60.The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean________.

[A]widespread[B]overwhelming

[C]piercing[D]fashionable

We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

5.分號(hào)(semi-colon)前后是并列關(guān)系，包括結(jié)構(gòu)上并列和語(yǔ)義上的并列。

For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. (2000 Passage2)

6.引號(hào)(quotationmarks)：①引用②強(qiáng)調(diào)③諷刺

Eg1 “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.

7.括號(hào)(parentheses)①解釋說明生詞。②補(bǔ)充說明

Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，Text 3)

8.破折號(hào)(dash)

①一個(gè)破折號(hào)后面起補(bǔ)充說明或評(píng)價(jià)判斷。

I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all.“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

②兩破折號(hào)之間其補(bǔ)充說明，可先跳過不看。

In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

9.省略號(hào)(ellipsis)...

英文中的省略號(hào)的作用和漢語(yǔ)是一樣的。當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句圍并且有下文時(shí)，應(yīng)該打四個(gè)點(diǎn)，最后一個(gè)為句號(hào)。如：Anditflewfurther，andfurther，andfurther....Jorgesmiledandturnedback.當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句尾并作為語(yǔ)氣延長(zhǎng)的作用時(shí)，應(yīng)使用修辭前的標(biāo)點(diǎn)，如：Doyouloveme...？其余情況下使用三個(gè)點(diǎn)。如：The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town，please send...more...